Vietnam's climate is divided by regions and months of the year, leading to different disease risks in each geographical area and time of year for livestock such as pigs. Therefore, understanding the types of diseases that can occur in different climatic conditions by region and different times of the year will help farmers prevent diseases more easily and quickly. At the same time, minimizing risks and economic losses when raising pigs, thereby optimizing livestock productivity. In this article, let's learn about some common diseases in pigs by season with GREENFEED.
We temporarily divide Vietnam into 3 climate zones to have a basis for effective disease prevention plans for pigs.
1. Climate characteristics by region
In terms of geographical location, the region from the North Central Coast to the North, including the Northern Delta, Northeast and Northwest, is a region with similar climates, clearly divided into 4 distinct seasons in a year including spring, summer, autumn and winter.
The area from the Central Central region to the South includes the East and the West, divided into two seasons: dry season and rainy season.
The remaining Central Highlands region is similar to part of the North, but in winter it is warmer, without severe cold, and in summer it is cooler.
2. Seasonal causes of diseases
To have a general approach within the framework of this article, we only consider seasonal causes of infectious diseases, not considering other causes and classifying diseases according to clinical symptoms and duration of the disease:
Diseases causing diarrhea
Diseases causing pneumonia
Diseases occurring all year round
Diseases causing diarrhea
For diarrhea caused by viruses, it usually occurs in the last months of the old year and the beginning of the new year, these months are often cold, diarrhea caused by bacteria usually occurs in the summer, the dry season with a hotter climate, the use of water by pigs increases, at the same time, the sources of drinking water and sanitation for pigs are lacking in some places.
Protozoa that cause diarrhea usually have spores and exist in soil and animal waste, so they often cause disease in the rainy season when rainwater washes these spores into the farm's domestic water.
Table 1: Causes of diarrhea by season of the year
Weaned piglets with summer bacterial diarrhea
Pneumonia
The causes of bacterial pneumonia usually occur in the summer months, the rainy season, except for asthma, which causes the disease all year round when there are unfavorable conditions in the barn or there is a primary cause.
For common viruses, the primary cause is outbreaks in the cold and dry seasons, causing the pig's immunity to decrease and common bacteria in the farm secondary to pneumonia such as Streptococcus suis (Streptococcus), Staphylococcus spp (Staphylococcus), Haemophilus parasuis (Galaser's disease)
Pigs with clinical bacterial pneumonia
Table 2: Seasonal causes of pneumonia
Diseases that occur year-round
With viral diseases, whether or not there is a vaccine, there is still a risk of them occurring year-round, of which ASF (African Swine Fever) is now a disease that has almost become a routine disease on farms.
Table 3: Causes of disease throughout the year
Pigs with clinical symptoms of ASF
The above are some diseases that often occur in pigs seasonally. Hopefully this article will help farmers have effective preventive measures, to help the pig herd develop well, bringing the highest profits.
