{"id":2672,"date":"2023-05-24T18:16:21","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T11:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/?p=2672"},"modified":"2023-05-24T18:16:46","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T11:16:46","slug":"thanh-phan-dinh-duong-trong-thuc-an-thuy-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/en\/thanh-phan-dinh-duong-trong-thuc-an-thuy-san\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m (protein)<\/h2>\n

Protein l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. Protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o m\u00e1u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh protein m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf protein c\u0169. Nhu c\u1ea7u protein c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 25 \u2013 55%; t\u00f4m, cua 30 \u2013 60%. Nhu c\u1ea7u protein c\u1ee7a t\u00f4m, c\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f4m c\u00e1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n protein trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n (T\u0102TS) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Protein \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt: G\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t c\u00e1, b\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ed9t huy\u1ebft; trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p protein t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00f4m, c\u00e1. B\u1ed9t c\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein 45 \u2013 80% v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c axit amin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u axit b\u00e9o cao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng no (HUFA) thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho t\u00f4m c\u00e1. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Protein th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng (l\u1ea1c), h\u1ea1t b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf 60 \u2013 80% b\u1ed9t c\u00e1 trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n T\u0102TS. Hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m T\u0102TS c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein 47 \u2013 50%.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Trong nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 50 \u2013 60% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/p><\/div>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (lipid)<\/h2>\n

Trong T\u0102TS, lipid chi\u1ebfm 10 \u2013 25% v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do lipid cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi protein. Lipid tham gia c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4m c\u00e1, ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan c\u00e1c Vitamin A, D, E, K v\u00e0 hydrocarbon. Lipid c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a enzyme v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u steroid hormone. Lipid c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u1ed9t c\u00e1, b\u1ed9t huy\u1ebft, b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u1ed9t c\u00e1m, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o v\u00e0 triacylglycerol. C\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit\u00a0 b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no omega \u2013 3 v\u00e0 omega \u2013 6. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao axit kh\u00f4ng no PUFA (>30%), l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn T\u0102TS. Trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn T\u0102TS lipid r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00f4xy h\u00f3a; do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t T\u0102TS ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 ethoxyquin hay BTH \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4i thiu.<\/p>\n

Carbonhydrate<\/h2>\n

Carbonhydrate bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung carbonhydrate gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f9n \u00e9p vi\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tinh b\u1ed9t trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f9n \u00e9p \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. N\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p ch\u00edn tinh b\u1ed9t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u1edf t\u00f4m, c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i. Tinh b\u1ed9t sau khi \u0103n v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4m c\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng glycogen trong gan v\u00e0 c\u01a1. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 20% tinh b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf trong kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u00f4m c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c; bao g\u1ed3m cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gum v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 k\u00edch th\u00edch nhu \u0111\u1ed9ng ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u1eb7n b\u00e3, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ra ngo\u00e0i. Trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n, ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t pha lo\u00e3ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh khi \u00e9p vi\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 7%, th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 4%.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m, \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kho\u00e1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m natri, clo, canxi v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho (Na, Cl, Ca, P), c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf t\u00f4m, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pH, tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh co c\u01a1, d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ea7n kinh\u2026 T\u00f4m c\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng (Na, Clo, Mg\u2026) qua mang v\u00e0 da \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u1ebfu b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee9c Ca b\u1ed5 sung t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u00f4m l\u00e0 2,3%, m\u1ee9c P 1 \u2013 2%. \u1ede c\u00e1, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c P cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c 0,29 \u2013 0,8%. Nh\u00f3m kho\u00e1ng vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4m c\u00e1 c\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra enzyme, hormone, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, cr\u00f4me, k\u1ebdm, i\u1ed1t, magi\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00fap t\u00f4m, c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Vitamin<\/h2>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m 2 nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 vitamin tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Vitamin tan trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. vitanmin tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m vitamin nh\u00f3m B v\u00e0 C, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4m c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Vitamin C gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng. Thi\u1ebfu Vitamin C g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh v\u1eb9o c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft \u0111en \u1edf t\u00f4m. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u00f4m c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Vitamin C m\u00e0 h\u1ea5p thu ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m vitamin tan trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o g\u1ed3m Vitamin A, D, E, v\u00e0 K, l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Vitamin b\u1ec1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. T\u00f4m c\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu Vitamin A s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1eaft, mang, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Thi\u1ebfu Vitamin D, t\u00f4m c\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb c\u00f2i c\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebfu vitamin E, c\u00e1 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u01a1, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft cao. Thi\u1ebfu Vitamin K, m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 gia nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p vi\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y Vitamin (C, B12). \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hao h\u1ee5t trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i Vitamin b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u00e9p vi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha dung d\u1ecbch lipid \u2013 vitamin v\u00e0 phun \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0103n sau khi h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n

Axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu\u00a0 nh\u01b0 DL- Methionin, L-lysine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o T\u0102TS nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n protein th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c \u0103n, gi\u00fap t\u00f4m c\u00e1 nu\u00f4i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Trong nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm 50 \u2013 60% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn nhanh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> https:\/\/thuysanvietnam.com.vn\/<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng bao g\u1ed3m protein, lipid, carbonhydrate, ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng, vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit amin. Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,94],"tags":[174],"class_list":["post-2672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-event","category-technical-documentation","tag-thuy-san-viet-nam"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2673,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2672\/revisions\/2673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenfeed.com.vn\/thuy-san\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}